Non Ruminant Nutrition

Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs

Diego A. Rodriguez, Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein¹

Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801


¹Corresponding author: hstein@illinois.edu

Abstract

Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P < 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM

Key words: extrusion, oil extraction, pigs, soybean expellers, soybean meal

Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 7, 1-8

Introduction

Soybean products are used as a source of amino acids (AA) in diets for animals and the global production of soybeans contributes ~60% to total global oilseed production (USDA,



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2019). Due to increased global production of livestock and poultry, the annual production of soybeans has increased more than three times in the past 30 yr (USDA, 2019).

Evaluating processing temperature and feeding value of extruded-expelled soybean meal on nursery and finishing pig growth performance^1,2

M.J. Webster*, R.D. Goodband*³, M. D. Tokach*, J.L. Nelssen*, S. S. Dritz*⁴, J.C. Woodworth*, M. De La Llata*, and N. W. Said

*Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201 and Insta-Pro International, Des Moines, IA 50309

ABSTRACT:  We conducted two experiments comparing the use of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESoy) to solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets. In Exp. 1, the objetive was to determine the optimal processing temperature of EESoy for nursery pig growth performance. Pigs (n = 330, 13.2 + 2.3 kg of BW) were fed a control diet containing SBM with added fat or one of five diets containing EESoy extruded at 143.3, 148.9, 154.4, 160.0, or 165.6°C. All Dietswere formulated on an equal apparent digestible lysine:ME ratio. From d 0 to 20, no differences were observed (P>0.32) in ADG or ADFI (average of 544 and 924 g/d, respectively). However, gain:feed ration (G/F) improved (quadtratic, P<0.01, range of 0.56 to 0.60) with increasing processing temperature,  with  the  greatest  improvement  at 148.9°C. In Exp. 2, the objective was to determine the feeding value of EESoy relative to SBM with or without added fat for growing-finishing pigs in a commercial production facility. A total of 1,200 gilts (initially 24.5 + 5.1 kg of BW) was used, with 25 pigs per pen and eight replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial, with two sources of soybean meal (SBM or EESoy) and three levels of added

fat. Pigs were phase-fed four diets over the experimental period and added fat (choice white grease) levels were 0, 3.4, and 7% initially, with the added fat levels decreasing in the next three dietary phases. Energy levels were based such that the higher energy in EESoy (with or without added fat) was calculated to be equal to that provided by SBM with added fat. From 24.5 to 61.2 kg, pigs fed EESoy had great (P < 0.07) G/F than those fed SBM. Increasing added fat in either EESoy or SBM-based diets increased G/F (linear, P < 0.0003). From 61.2 to 122.5 kg, ADG and G/F were unaffected in pigs fed EESoy and/or increasing added fat (P > 0.10). For the overall growing-finishing period, ADG was unaffected (P < 0.02, range of 0.37 to 0.40) as energy density increased with either EESoy or added fat. Carcass leanness was not affected by dietary treatment. These results indicated that EESoy should be extruded at 148.9 to 154.4°C, and that increasing dietary energy density by using EESoy and/or added fat improves feed efficiency in finishing pigs reared in a commercial enviornment.

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Key Word: Fat, Finishing Pigs, Piglets, Processing, Soybean Oilmeal

@2003 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:2032-2040